5HR01 Employment Relationship Management

Preparation for the Tasks:

•   At the start of your assignment, you are encouraged to plan your assessment work with your Assessor and where appropriate agree milestones so that they can help you monitor your progress.
• Refer to the indicative content in the unit to guide and support your assignment narrative and evidence.
•  Pay attention to how your evidence is presented, remember you are a member of the People Practice team forthis task.
• Ensure that the evidence generated for this assessment remains your own work

• Completing and acting on formative feedback from your Assessor.
• Reflecting on your own experiences of learning opportunities and continuing professional development. ▪ Reading the CIPD materials from their site and the related online material on these topics.

Task One: Training Presentation and Notes

You have been asked to prepare a training session that is to be given to people practitioners and department managers. This is to address issues in the company around poor employee relationships and to encourage and inform a more positive and proactive approach, to review and educate on good practice and make recommendations about the way forward.

The presentation needs to provide understanding of approaches that can be taken to support effective employee relationships. Your presentation needs to:

1.5 Explain the concept of better working lives and how this can be designed.

1.2 Differentiate between employee involvement and employee participation and how it builds relationships.

1.1 Review emerging developments to inform approaches to employee voice and engagement.

1.3  Assess a range of employee voice tools and approaches to drive employee engagement.1.4  Critically evaluate the interrelationships between employee voice and organisational performance.

2.3 Assess emerging trends in the types of conflict and industrial sanctions.

3.3  Explain the skills required for effective grievance and discipline-handling procedures.

3.4  Advise on the importance of handling grievances effectively.

4.1 Explain the main provisions of collective employment law.
4.3 Evaluate the purpose of collective bargaining and how it works.
4.2 Compare the types of employee bodies, union and non-union forms of employee representation.

It is essential that you refer to academic concepts, theories and professional practice for the tasks to ensure that your work is supported by analysis. It is essential that your slides are presented in a professional format and that your notes (either in notes view or in a WORD document) fully explain and support the detail of the knowledge and understanding required.

Please ensure that any references and sources drawn upon are acknowledged correctly and supported by in text citation and a bibliography. Your evidence must consist of:

1. A slide show presentation
2. Either notes in the presentation or a WORD Briefing paper (approximately 2900 words) refer toCIPD wordcount polic

TASK 2 – Case Study Analysis and Recommendations

For the training session, there will be two case studies presented for the group to work on and analyse. You need to prepare an analysis of these cases which are taken from past incidence in your organisation and design training guidance in a Word report on these cases. Your purpose is to ensure the management team learn lessons from these incidences and can understand your recommendations for a better approach.

Your training report needs to include the following analysis:

2.1  Distinguish between organisational conflict and misbehaviour, and between informal and formal conflict.

2.2  Distinguish between official and unofficial employee action.

2.4 Distinguish between third-party conciliation, mediation and arbitration.

3.1  Explain the principles of legislation relating to unfair dismissal in respect of capability and misconduct issues.

3.2  Analyse key causes of employee grievances.

CASE 1; This is a historical event which happened at time in the distant past at your organisation when a Union was recognised. A group of workers had their job roles significantly changed from working in a customer service team to working in sales. This group objected to the change in their roles; they cited the lack of notice and training that was provided and at the time, were given no opportunity for consultation. They did however form a staff committee and they did elect a staff representative to speak for them with the management team. There was one negotiation meeting which was not productive. They walked out of their jobs for 3 days and were threatened with dismissal, after which time they returned to work. Two of these workers raised grievances and most of these workers then left their jobs within the following 6 months period.

CASE 2; A worker in a team who has previously had a good and long term record with the organisation, became less productive and less communicative. The line manager tried to address this through an appraisal meeting which at the time was yearly event. The record of the discussion doesn’t show much detail except that the worker understood the issues and promised to improve their work. Subsequently, the worker has become disruptive at work, with some absenteeism, some arguments with team members and this is generally having a negative effects on others in the team as it has been going on for some 6 months. The line manager is unable to fully determine what the issues actually are and approach HR for advice.

It is essential that you refer to academic concepts, theories and professional practice for the tasks to ensure that your work is supported by analysis. It is essential that your work fully explains the detail of the knowledge and understanding required.

Please ensure that any references and sources drawn upon are acknowledged correctly and supported by in text citation and a bibliography. Your evidence must consist of:

Evidence

Use this as a checklist to make sure that you have included the required evidence to meet the task. Please enter the evidence title and where it can be referred to. An example has been provided for you.

TASK 2 – Case study analysis and recommendations

SOLUTION: 5HR01 ASSIGNMENT  ANSWERS

TASK 1 ANSWERS

Contents

AC 1.5 Explain the concept of better working lives and how this can be designed. 3

AC 1.2 Differentiate between employee involvement and employee participation and how it builds relationships. 4

AC 1.1 Review emerging developments to inform approaches to employee voice and engagement. 5

AC 1.3 Assess a range of employee voice tools and approaches to drive employee engagement 6

AC 1.4 Critically evaluate the interrelationships between employee voice and organisational performance. 7

AC 2.3 Assess emerging trends in the types of conflict and industrial sanctions. 7

AC 3.3 Explain the skills required for effective grievance and discipline-handling procedures. 8

AC 3.4 Advise on the importance of handling grievances effectively. 8

AC 4.1 Explain the main provisions of collective employment law. 9

AC 4.3 Evaluate the purpose of collective bargaining and how it works. 9

AC 4.2 Compare the types of employee bodies, union and non-union forms of employee representations 10

Bibliography. 11

AC 1.5 Explain the concept of better working lives and how this can be designed.

The concept of better working life is multifaceted in nature and is related to other terms such as work life balance and quality working life. According to Sanfilippo (2020) work life balance refers to the state of equilibrium where employees are provided with an environment that prioritises both work and personal demands. Cipd denotes that a good work life comprises of several aspects including

• Work life balance
• Fair rewards and secure living
• Opportunity to develop and attain a sense of fulfilment
• Provision of employee voice and choice needed to shape their working lives
• Mentally and physically healthy
• Provides a supportive environment with constructive relationships

Similarly, Kotresh (2020) defines quality work life as a generic phrase that covers individual feelings on dimensions of work including economic rewards and benefits, working conditions, security, interpersonal and organisational relationships and its intrinsic meaning in an individual’s life.

There are several designs and models that have been proposed for organisations in the quest for designing better working lives for the employees who are he drivers of organisational success. For example, Parker and Jorritsma (20020) recommended the SMART model that recommends designing meaningful work and motivating work by focusing on five key elements that are Stimulating, Mastery, Agency, Relational and Tolerable demands hence the acronym SMART. There also integrative models and frameworks that are premised on designing good work conditions from different entry point such as “Thrive at Work” framework (Park & Jorritsma, 2020). The thrive at work framework is a holistic approach that focuses on employee getting well gain (Mitigating illness), helping employees stay well (Prevent Harm) and achieve their best potential (Promote Thriving. The model is expounded on fig 1

Source: (Parker & Jorritsma, 2020)

AC 1.2 Differentiate between employee involvement and employee participation and how it builds relationships.

Employee involvement refers to a kind of employer responsibility to provide the employees with the opportunity to get involved in organisational activities. It can also be defined as the direct interaction between the employees and the management which encourages the employees to take ownership of organisational projects (Quain, 2018). Examples of employee involvement activities include establishing organisational structures that spurs free thinking, providing employees with opportunities for new training, application of certain motivational methods to boost employee productivity as well as empowering employee to make significant work decisions without seeking approval from the management.

Employee participation on the other hand refers to the process of providing employees with the opportunity to participate in business decision-making as a way of empowering them while at the workplace. It is also refers to the business activities that employees take part in in order to achieve a common organisational goal (Quain, 2018). Employee participation requires that all employees irrespective of title to contribute to an identified project.

Differences

Essentially, organisations should embrace both employee participation and employee involvement in order to enhance employee motivation and job satisfaction which results in enhanced organisational performance. The two should constantly be monitored in a bid to determine between participation and involvement which one brings optimal results to the company (Quain, 2018).

AC 1.1 Review emerging developments to inform approaches to employee voice and engagement.

According to Cipd (2021) employee voice refers to the ability of employees to express their opinions, views suggestions and concerns and thereby influence decision making at work. This facilitates a genuine two way communication between employees and the employer. Employee engagement on the other has multiple dimensions and is defined the way in which employees express themselves physically, emotionally and cognitively while executing their jobs (Gifford &Young, 2021). Across academic literature, employee engagement is conceptualised as a psychological state in which employees demonstrate vigour, dedication and absorption (Gifford & Young, 2021).

Budd, Gollan and Wilkson (2010) noted that there has been a sharp rise in interest of employee voice as policy makers, practitioners and academics in the recent past. Among employers this was precipitated by the failures denoted in the mass production era and the need to create high performance work practices. In addition the decline in union membership has created an avenue for exploring alterbative voice mechanisms for employees. Budd et al. (2010) assert that employee voice has been redefined from the exit-voice framework that tended to focus on reasons for dissatisfaction. This has led to manifestation of employee voice through four different ways including individual dissatisfaction that focuses on a specific issue with management, collective organisation that is a countering source of power to management e.g. in reference to trade union, management decision-making that focusses on productivity and efficiency management and mutuality of interest in reference to employer-employee relationship (Budd et al., 2010). Ultimately employee voice application at the workplace should be based on pragmatic, economic moral and ethical grounds.

Empirical evidence suggest that there exists a positive relationship between employee voice and engagement when open to input and action (Latif & Arif, 2018). As such, organisations need to enhance employee voice in order to strengthen engagement and bonding between employer and employees. McFeely (2021) discussed six trends impacting employee engagement in the business world including

• Leaders lack transparency and communication about organisational changes
• Trust in leadership has declined after the height of the pandemic
• Work life balance has been disrupted
• Organisations lack employee health and wellbeing support
• Employee recognition is declining
• Career growth opportunities have become less clear

AC 1.3 Assess a range of employee voice tools and approaches to drive employee engagement

There are several employee voice tools that are utilised by organisations and subsequently spur employee engagement. Surveys for example are used as strategic tools to measure and drive organisational change irrespective of whether it is done by the organisation, a consultant or by ban academic researcher. Surveys allow employee to air their voice with anonymity and confidentiality (Edmondson, 2006). They can also be used to draw employee opinions and attitude and thus a channel for employee voice. Therefore, surveys as a channel for employee voice allows organizations to engage in a safe, ethical and practical manner (Edmondson, 2006). For organisations to attain increased level of engagement, it is critical that the employee feedback is implemented. Nordmeyer (2019) outlines some of the benefits associated to surveys to include low cost, flexible format and smaller time commitment. The cons on the other hand include skewed results, incomplete data when done irregularly and meaningless when the feedback is not implemented.

Suggestion schemes is the oldest for of employee engagement tool. Sinclair (2019) argued that the old form of a suggestion box has eventually become a joke in the workplace as it is rarely utilised or taken seriously given the perception of a hands of management. However, with the rise of technology the suggestion scheme has been taken outside the box and can be utilised in form of innovative apps and software. When correctly implemented suggestion schemes increase employee engagement and loyalty when they feel that their suggestions are valued and are acted upon. The benefits of suggestion schemes include helping to ring forward talented employees for the greater good of the company besides help to improve the employer and employee relations. On the other hand suggestion schemes may arouse feelings of hurt and insubordination among the superiors and are limiting in that employee do not get an oppo9rrtunity to expound on their suggestion orally.

Another tool that can be utilised is the employee forums that refers to a platform that give employee the opportunity to raise employment issues that affect them. Cipd (2021) articulates that one the approaches to employee voice is through employee forums that involves groups of non-union or mixed groups of non-union and union employee gathering in a meeting with the management for purposes of information sharing and consultation. The benefits of employee forums is that they create an environment where questions can be answered openly and freely, heightens employee engagements which results in improved performance and boosts employee morale as they feel valued and appreciated. The cons are time consuming and expensive to organise.

AC 1.4 Critically evaluate the interrelationships between employee voice and organisational performance.

Employee voice in an organisation can occur directly between the employees and the management or indirectly through worker representatives and the management (Kim, MacDuffie and Pil, 2010). Empirical literature on the relationship between type of employee voice and organisational performance denotes mixed results. In reference to direct employee voice extensive survey research has found a positive and often statistically insignificant impact to organisational performance but never a negative effect (Kim et al., 2010). In addition, research studies indicate that direct employee voice is more in heightening employee satisfaction and performance when employees have influence on decision-making, focused on work related issues and when participation programs are direct. Consequently, indirect employee voice link to performance is different for different countries. For example in US, research indicates that unionisation effect on productivity was small but mostly positive while in Britain unionisation resulted in diminished productivity in the 1980s (Kim et al., 2010)

Cipd (2021) asserts that research has demonstrated that effective employee voice approaches results in positive outcomes for employees at an individual level and organisations. Employers can maximise on employee voice to raise innovation and productivity as well as reduce absenteeism and workplace conflict.

Trickel (2021) outline some of the arguments that are utilised in questioning whether employee voice impacts on organisational performance. For example there are concerns that employee voice blurs the line between management and employee hierarchy. This results in creation of barriers in reporting line that hinder open communication and negatively impacts on organisational performance. Additionally, employee voice can be meaningless if there is no action taken on feedback provided.

AC 2.3 Assess emerging trends in the types of conflict and industrial sanctions.

There has been significant changes in the nature of conflict and industrial actions in the 21sts century. Conflicts and industrial action tend to be relatively shorter when compared to the 19^th century when it took much more time to resolve. Conflict at the workplace is still prevalent but employees tend to be protesting in other ways such as sabotage or mischief, absenteeism and minor acts of defiance (Hughes &Dundon, 2018). Reference made to the Centre for Economics and Business consultancy denote that since 20111 the rates of absenteeism has been rising steadily.

Other modern forms of  conflict and resistance include social media campaigns over the unjustified zero-hour conflicts,  lunchtime protests as staged in Bentley cars, employee sit-ins as was the case at Hinckley Point power station workers as well solidarity for instance when students join striking lecturers (Hughes&Dundon, 2018).

Consequently, the formal industrial actions spearheaded by trade unions has reduced as more workers are opting out of trading unions and preferring direct representation between employer and employee. While organisations and trade unions seem to have found a way of working together cordially when compared to the yester years. For example in 1979, 3 million strikes were recorded in January 2018 there 9000 working days lost attributed to strikes (Hughes & Dundon, 2018).

AC 3.3 Explain the skills required for effective grievance and discipline-handling procedures.

Grievance and discipline handling procedures are intended to handle difficulties that may arise when difficulties emerge in an employment relationship. They are also intended to ensure that the process is consistent and fair to all parties and thus the need to follow individual organisational procedures as well as the Acas Code of Practice (Cipd, 2021). Some of the skills required in this process include

Investigative skills- the process is essentially a fact finding mission that collates all the relevant information pertaining to the grievance or disciplinary hearing (Consult HR, 2018). To this end, the personnel involved should possess the ability to gather data, reveal significant facts and generate conclusions that will help in the proceedings.

Active Listening is also an important skill in grievance and disciplinary hearing. It refers to the ability to concentrate on what is being said as well as hearing what the speaker is trying to convey. The goal of active listening is acquire information through listening to understand people within the context of the situation without being judgemental (Penney, 2019).

Questioning skills – refers to the ability to ask relevant questions in a bid to obtain information, get clarity on a matter, to explore the scope of the grievance as well as understand more about the parties perspectives towards the process (Bhasin, 2021). Questioning skills are essential in resolving the problem and also help in decision making process.

Being objective is also essential in grievance and discipline handling. It necessitates that the proceedings only deal with what is factual and thus desist from individual prejudices and interpretations. To this end, every action should be backed up by the reasons that or the information that was considering in arriving at a decision.

AC 3.4 Advise on the importance of handling grievances effectively.

The benefits that are associated to effectively handling a grievance is accrued to both employees and employers. Chand (2014) outlined the following benefits

1. It encourages the employees to raise their concerns devoid of fear of retaliation which in turn enhances the employment relationship
2. It leads to the provision of a fair and speedy avenue of dealing with complains and conflicts at the workplace.
3. It diminishes the likelihood of a minor disagreement precipitating into a serious disputes that damages the employment relationship.
4. It serves as a healthy outlet for employee discontentment and frustrations while at the workplace.
5. It saves the employer time and money as the solutions to workplace problems are easily sought internally as there is no need to find an external mediator.
6. It helps to develop an organisational environment that is hinged on trust and openness

Similarly, Demos HR (2019) that an effective grievance process should give both employees and the employer an objective and fair system to review and raise complains devoid of bias. Employees that feel that their concerns are taken seriously and dealt with fairly are more motivated and maintain high levels of productivity (Demos Hr, 2019). Consequently, a structure grievance process helps the employer to identify any unlawful gaps and unacceptable gaps in the handling of grievances. Filling of such gaps, helps the employer to bolster the company brand and image and thus avoid hefty legal fines that can also attract bad press (Demos HR, 2019).

AC 4.1 Explain the main provisions of collective employment law.

Collective employment law is the branch of employment law hat focuses on the behaviour and activities of the work councils, trade unions and employers associations and the interaction between the two in the industry. Some of the provisions comprised in the collective employment law in the UK is the statutory recognition procedures. It details how a trade union should apply to be recognised by the Central Arbitration Committee such that it has the ability to conduct collective bargaining in reference to hours, pay and holidays on behalf of employees employed by an identified employer. The basic principle of being granted recognition is when a majority of the employees in the bargaining unit are in agreement. The application may be rejected when the employer has less than 21 employees

Another provision for collective employment law is official and unofficial industrial action. Official industrial action is when workers who are also members of an authorised trade union participate in strike action for example (Qureshi, 2018). Workers who are not part of a trade union can take part in an official and authorised industrial action organised by a union. Unofficial industrial action on the other hand happens when employees take part in an action that has not been authorised by a union (Qureshi, 2018).

When collective agreements are reached between an employer and a trade union such an agreement may cover specified terms and conditions of work such as hiring, suspension and firing, discipline, union membership and allocation of work among other aspects. Nonetheless, the agreement can only be legally binding when stated in writing and have the binding consequences outlines in the employment contract. The statutory consequences are dependent on the collective agreement as espoused in writing (Reuters, 2022).

AC 4.3 Evaluate the purpose of collective bargaining and how it works.

Collective bargaining power is traced to Sydney and Beatrice Webb in the celebrated treatise ‘History of Trade Unions’. It refers to a group action through representation and negotiation and involves proposals and counter proposals between the employer and the employees through the trade union.

The chief purpose collective bargaining is to advance mutual understanding between the employer and the employees (Vaibhav, 2018). In view of this the purpose of collective bargaining may be evaluated from a management perspective which is to get work done and earn high profits while paying the least minimum cost to employees. From the trade union perspective the purpose of collective bargaining power is to prevent unilateral action from the employers on aspects affecting employees such as wages and hours of work (Vaibhav, 2018) . Essentially collective bargaining power helps labour union to promote economic and non-economic interests of the employees.

There are three major steps in the process of collective bargaining that are creation of a trade agreement that involves the negotiating process on aspects such as nature of employment contract and wages. The second step is interpretation that expounds on the day to day application of the contract provisions as agreed on the negotiating process. The third step is the enforcement of the agreement that involves ensuring that the provisions of the agreement are adhered to. It also ensures that day to day problems are resolved as per the precedents set at previous collective agreements given that it is a continuous process (Vaibhav, 2018)

AC 4.2 Compare the types of employee bodies, union and non-union forms of employee representations

There are two major forms of employee representation union and non-union representation. Unions are the most common way of employee representation. A union can be defined as an organisation that comprises a group of workers who collectively put up their demands and bargain for an ideal employment contract with the employer.

Non-union representation on the other hand is whether employers and employees directly negotiate for a beneficial solutions to the problems encountered in the employment relationship. Non-union representation is common in the private sector and preferred by workers that have a high sense of individual freedom and autonomy

Adapted from (https://askanydifference.com)

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5HR01  slide show presentation